GERMANY, Regensburg (city). AR Medal – Schautaler (41mm, 38.27 g, 12h). Peace of Westphalia. By U. Gravenauer and H.S. Federer. Dated 1649. * SANCTA COLIMBA ORBI CONSERUA MVNERA PACIS *, Noah's Ark left on waves; above, rainbow and dove flying left, holding olive branch in beak; coat-of-arms below / 1649/ * FRIDEN */ DANKHFESTES/ GEDACHTNUS/ DER STATT REG/ENSPVRG DEN/ 16 8 BRIS */ ·S·P·Q·R· within wreath. Dethlefs & Ordelheide 160; cf. KM 119 (for similar gold dukat). Toned. In NGC encapsulation 6898643-001, graded MS 65.
From the Alexander Christopher Collection.
In 1648, the Thirty Years' War, which had been one of the longest and most destructive of European conflicts and involved most of the states of continental Europe, was concluded in a series of treaties signed throughout the year. Largely a religious war, it pitted Catholics, led by the Holy Roman Empire, the Catholic League, and the Spanish Empire, against the coalition of Protestant states and allies of central Europe and England, led by Sweden under its warrior-king, Gustavus II Adolphus.
Although known collectively as the Peace of Westphalia, because the treaties were signed in two Westphalian towns (Münster and Osnabrück) over the year 1648, the peace consisted of three separate signings. The first, signed on 30 January between Spain and the Dutch Republic, ended the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648). On 24 October, two further and complementary treaties were signed: one at Osnabrück between The Holy Roman Empire (and its allies) and Sweden (and its allies); the other, commemorated by this medal, between The Holy Roman Empire and France. The treaties were the result of a large diplomatic congress and resulted in a new central European political order. Known later as Westphalian sovereignty, it created the notion of the sovereign state – the first step in the concept of the modern nation-state.
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