POLAND, Monarchy. Stanislaw August Poniatowski. 1764-1795. AR Talar – Taler (41mm, 27.53 g, 12h). The ‘Targowica’ Taler and the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Warszawa (Warsaw) mint. Dated 3 May 1791, 5 October 1792, and 1793. EXEMPLUM POSTERITATI GRATITUDO, CIVIBUS/ QUORUM PIETAS/ CONIURATIONE DIE III/ MAI MDCCXCI OBRUTAM/ ET DELETAM/ LIBTERAT/TE POLONA TUERI/ CONABATUR RESPU/BLICA RESUR/GENS within wreath; star above / 10 1/16 EX MARCA PURA COLONIENSI 1793, DECRETO/ REIPUBLICÆ NEXU/ CONFEDERATIONIS IUNCTÆ/ DIE V XBRIS MDCCXCII/ SANDISLAO AUGUSTO/ REGNANTE. Kopicki 2486; MP 1232; Davenport 1622; KM 214. Lightly toned, hairlines, some residue. AU.
From the Alexander Christopher Collection.
On 3 May 1791, a new constitution was promulgated that reorganized the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a constitutional monarchy, investing greater power in the Great Sejm (parliament). Reactionaries both within the Commonwealth and without responded with hostility. On 27 April 1792, a group of Polish and Lithuanian aristocrats met in St. Petersburg with the support of Catherine the Great to establish a confederation to fight against the new constitution. The new confederation was proclaimed in the town of Targowica on 14 May 1792, giving the group their name. Within days, Russian armies marched into Poland. The forces of the Commonwealth were ultimately defeated, resulting in the Second Partition of Poland and the loss of more than half of the Commonwealth’s territory to Prussia and Russia.
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