SICULO-PUNIC, “Ṣyṣ”. Circa 370-360 BC. AR Tetradrachm (23mm, 17.13 g, 11h). Likely Panormos mint. Charioteer, wearing long chiton, holding kentron in extended right hand, reins in left, driving fast quadriga left; above, Nike, wearing long chiton, flying right, crowning charioteer with wreath she holds with both hands; sign of Tanit in central field, in exergue, swan flying left / Head of Arethousa right, hair in band, wearing single-pendant earring and linear necklace; four dolphins swimming around. Jenkins, Punic 39 (O10’/R33); HGC 2, 1014 corr. (some are anepigraphic); Jameson 1070 (same dies); Weber 1486 (same dies). Iridescent tone, compact flan, a couple of light scratches on reverse. Near EF.
Ex Vilmar Numismatics FPL II (Winter 2021), no. 14; Father & Son Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 118, 13 September 2021), lot 69; Classical Numismatic Review XLVI.1 (Winter 2021), no. 564480; Morton & Eden 108 (22 October 2020), lot 126; Aes Rude [1] (4 November 1977), lot 62.
Founded by the Phoenicians in the eighth century BC, Panormos was established along the northern coast of Sicily as a trading post with the indigenous Sicani of the region. The people of Panormos, although active traders like the other Phoenician settlers in Sicily, felt little need for striking their own coinage; instead, they relied upon the regional Greek coinages for their transactions. By the late fifth century, however, as Carthage and its Punic allies were expanding control of the western Mediterranean, it became necessary to begin striking coins in order the pay the mercenaries used to assert Punic power. As a result, cities like Panormos began striking coins which could be integrated into the existing monetary system, and which derived their types for the most part from the Greek city-states in Sicily. This coin copies Syracusan coins of the late Eukleidas style with a Punic twist added to the design.
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